Turkic Influence: The Turks inherited a rich musical tradition from the Arabs and introduced new instruments such as the rabab and sarangi to India.
Cultural Synthesis: The Sufi and Bhakti movements further enriched and popularized this evolving musical style.
Key Figures: Amir Khusrau and Sufi saint Pir Bodhan were pioneers in shaping this musical tradition.
Perso-Arabic Influence: The arrival of the Turks introduced Perso-Arabic ragas like aiman, ghora, and sanam into Indian music.
Literary Contributions: During the reign of Firuz Tughlaq, the Indian classical text Raga Darpan was translated into Persian.
Royal Patronage: Raja Man Singh of Gwalior, a great patron of music, incorporated elements of Muslim musical traditions into his work Man Kautuhal.
