Correct Answer: Option B) Black Soil – Rich in lime and iron
Option A: Alluvial Soil – Rich in phosphorus. This is incorrect.
Alluvial soil is primarily rich in potash, lime, and organic matter. While it may contain phosphorus, it's not particularly characterized by high phosphorus content. Alluvial soils are formed by river deposits and are typically known for their overall fertility rather than specifically phosphorus content.
Option B: Black Soil – Rich in lime and iron. This is correct.
Black soil (also known as Regur soil or cotton soil) is rich in calcium carbonate (lime), magnesium, iron, and alumina. The dark color of black soil comes from the high iron content and the presence of titaniferous magnetite. These soils also contain a high proportion of clay.
Option C: Laterite Soil – Rich in nitrogen and organic matter. This is incorrect.
Laterite soils are actually poor in nitrogen and organic matter. They are characterized by high iron oxide and aluminum oxide content, which gives them their reddish color. These soils are highly leached due to heavy rainfall and are typically deficient in nutrients.
Option D: Red Soil – Rich in nitrogen and humus. This is incorrect.
Red soils derive their color from iron oxide content and are usually deficient in nitrogen, phosphorus, humus, and lime. These soils are not characterized by high nitrogen or organic matter content.
