Question

Which of the following statements correctly describes the design elements of Dravida temples?

• A. The term "shikhara" refers to the central entrance gateway, and the main temple tower has a cylindrical shape.
• B. Dravida temples typically include a compound wall, a gopuram as the entrance, a stepped pyramidal vimana, and subsidiary shrines in diverse shapes such as square, elliptical, and octagonal.
• C. The temple tank is always located inside the temple and is an octagonal shape.
• D. Subsidiary shrines in Dravida temples are always circular and integrated within the main temple tower.

Answer 1

Answer:

B. Dravida temples typically include a compound wall, a gopuram as the entrance, a stepped pyramidal vimana, and subsidiary shrines in diverse shapes such as square, elliptical, and octagonal.

The Dravida temple is enclosed by a compound wall, with its front wall featuring a central entrance gateway known as a gopuram. In Tamil Nadu, the main temple tower, called the vimana, has a stepped pyramidal shape that rises in a geometric progression. The term shikhara specifically refers to the crowning element at the top of the temple, typically shaped like a small stupika or an octagonal cupola, equivalent to the amlak and kalasha found in North Indian temples. A large water reservoir or temple tank is commonly enclosed within the temple complex. Subsidiary shrines may either be integrated within the main temple tower or built as separate, smaller structures alongside the main temple. These structures typically come in five distinct shapes: Square, commonly known as kuta or caturasra Rectangular, referred to as shala or ayatasra Elliptical, called gaja-prishta (elephant-backed) or vrittayata, inspired by the wagon-vaulted design of apsidal chaityas, which often feature a horse-shoe-shaped entrance facade known as a nasi Circular, known as vritta Octagonal, referred to as ashtasra