Question

Which of the following texts provide the theoretical foundation for Kathakali?

• A. Natya Shastra and Abhinaya Darpana
• B. Rigveda and Samaveda
• C. Balarama Bharatam and Hastalakshana Deepika
• D. Ramayana and Mahabharata

Answer 1

Answer:

C. Balarama Bharatam and Hastalakshana Deepika

Kathakali has been influenced by the ritual performing arts of Koodiyattam, Krishnattam, Ramanattam, and Chakiarkoothu, as well as Kerala’s early martial art traditions, which have shaped its body movements and sequential patterns. Depictions of Kathakali poses can be seen in the frescoes of Mattancheri Temple, Kerala. This art form is a unique blend of dance, music, and acting, drawing inspiration from Indian epics. It incorporates hastamudras (hand gestures) and expressive facial movements, synchronized with the recitation of verses (padams). The entire body is engaged in the performance. The dance derives its textual foundation from Balarama Bharatam and Hastalakshana Deepika. In Kathakali, characters are categorized into three types based on their nature: Satvika (virtuous and noble) Rajasika (passionate and heroic) Tamasika (dark and demonic) The music follows Kerala’s traditional Sopana Sangeet style.