ASeafloor spreading
BFormation of fold mountains
CFormation of mid oceanic ridges
DFormation of block mountains
Answer:
B. Formation of fold mountains
Read Explanation:
Formation of fold mountains.
When two tectonic plates collide (a process known as Convergent Boundary), especially continental plates, the immense pressure causes the earth's crust to fold and uplift, forming fold mountains. This is the primary geological process responsible for creating the world's highest mountain ranges.
The outcome depends on the type of plates involved:
Continental vs. Continental: Both plates have similar density, so neither sinks easily. Instead, the crust is pushed up and folded. The Himalayas (formed by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates) and the Alps are classic examples.
Oceanic vs. Continental: The denser oceanic plate sinks beneath the lighter continental plate (Subduction). This leads to the formation of Volcanic Mountains and deep-sea trenches. The Andes were formed this way.
Major Fold Mountains:
Himalayas: Asia
Alps: Europe
Rockies: North America
Andes: South America
Phenomenon | Cause | Boundary Type |
Seafloor spreading | Occurs when plates move away from each other, allowing magma to rise and create new crust. | Divergent |
Mid-oceanic ridges | Underwater mountain ranges formed where plates pull apart. | Divergent |
Block mountains | Formed when large areas are broken and displaced vertically due to faulting (cracking), rather than folding. | Faulting/Tension |