Question

Which Rasa was added later by Abhinavagupta?

• A. Hāsya
• B. Bhayānaka
• C. Śānta
• D. Adbhuta

Answer 1

Answer:

C. Śānta

Eight (Later Nine) Rasas:

Bharata initially describes eight Rasas, each corresponding to a dominant emotional state (Sthayi Bhava):

• Srngara (Love, Romance) – Dominated by delight.

• Hasya (Laughter, Humor) – Dominated by amusement.

• Raudra (Anger) – Dominated by fury.

• Karuṇa (Compassion, Sadness) – Dominated by sorrow.

• Vira (Courage) – Dominated by heroism.

• Bhayanaka (Fear) – Dominated by terror.

• Bibhatsa (Disgust) – Dominated by revulsion.

• Adbhuta (Wonder) – Dominated by amazement.

Later, a ninth Rasa was added:

• Śanta (Peace, Tranquility) – Dominated by calmness.