Question

Who introduced the concept of fluid and crystal intelligence

• A. Raymond Cattell
• B. Binet
• C. Pavlov
• D. Skinner

Answer 1

Answer:

A. Raymond Cattell

• Psychologist Raymond Cattell introduced the concepts of fluid and crystallized intelligence in 1943.

• Cattell's theory was based on the idea that general intelligence (g) is made up of fluid and crystallized intelligence (gf and g c). 

• Fluid intelligence

  The ability to think flexibly and critically about new situations, and to solve problems without relying on prior knowledge. Fluid intelligence is often measured through problem-solving tests. It's thought to peak in late adolescence or early adulthood, and then decline with age.

• Crystallized intelligence

  The ability to use knowledge and experience that's been acquired over time. Crystallized intelligence is often measured through aptitude tests like the SAT, C-test, and MCAT. It increases throughout life, as more information is stored in memory.