AKarl Marx
BM. M. Rai
CFourier
DWoodrow Wilson
Answer:
A. Karl Marx
Read Explanation:
Russian Revolution
Farmers and factory workers in Russia led a tragic life under the autocracy of the Tzartist emperors, who ruled Russia.
The low agricultural production affected the farmer's income. Moreover, the landless farmers had to pay huge tax.
Though Russia was rich in natural resources, their industrial production was meagre. It was the foreigners who controlled majority of the industries that existed there.
Writers like Maxim Gorky, Leo Tolstoy, Ivan Turgenev, and Anton Chekov depicted the plight of the workers and farmers in their works.
The Marxist ideologies formulated by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels stirred the workers. They called for establishing the supremacy of the workers instead of that by the capitalists.
Based on the Marxist ideologies,the Social Democratic Workers Party was formed.
Later, this party was split into the Mensheviks (minority) and the Bolsheviks (majority).
The main leaders of the Bolsheviks were Lenin and Trotsky.
Alexander Kerensky led the Mensheviks.
The crisis reached its worst when Russia was defeated in the Russia-Japan war in 1905.
The workers organized a huge march at Petrograd on 9 January 1905 demanding political rights and economic reforms.
The march was fired at by the soldiers and hundreds of demonstrators were massacred. This event is known as the Bloody Sunday.
Workers' organizations called “the Soviets" were formed all over Russia to conduct strikes
When the strikes gained massive strength, the emperor was compelled to form a legislative assembly called Duma.
Ignoring the protest from Duma, Nicholas II, the then Tsar decided to participate in the First World War that started in 1914. A lot of Russian soldiers were killed in this war
Food shortage became severe by 1917. Thousands of women marched along the streets of Petrograd on 8 March 1917 clamouring for bread.
The workers organized protest march in Petrograd. Though the soldiers clashed with the demonstrators in the beginning, later they joined the workers.
The workers captured Petrograd and Nicholas II was thrown out of power.
A provisional government was formed under Alexander Kerensky, the Menshevik leader. Since the Russian calendar was a few days behind the international calendar, this revolution that took place in March came to be known as the February Revolution
A group of soviets did not approve of the provisional government.
Vladimir Lenin, who had been in Switzerland, came to Russia and strongly opposed the provisional government.
He argued that the entire power should be transferred to the Soviets if they were to realize the aims of the revolution. The Bolsheviks and the Soviets supported him
In October 1917, the Bolsheviks organized an armed rebellion against the provisional government.
Kerensky fled from the country and Russia came under the control of the Bolsheviks. This event, through which the Bolsheviks attained power, is known as the October Revolution