Pietra Dura, also known as 'Parchin Kari' in Mughal contexts, is a decorative art technique involving the inlay of finely cut and polished semi-precious stones into a stone base to create intricate designs.
This art form reached its zenith during the Mughal era in India, particularly under emperors like Jahangir and Shah Jahan.
It is characterized by the creation of floral motifs, geometric patterns, and even figurative representations using a variety of stones such as lapis lazuli, jade, carnelian, agate, and jasper.
The most iconic example of Pietra Dura in India is the Taj Mahal, where it adorns the cenotaphs, walls, and arches, showcasing exquisite craftsmanship and a fusion of Persian, Indian, and European influences.
Other notable examples include the Itmad-ud-Daulah's Tomb in Agra, often referred to as a 'jewel box' due to its extensive use of this technique, and structures within the Red Fort in Delhi and Agra Fort.
