Question

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) was advocated by ;

• A. James Asher
• B. Charles Curran
• C. Lev Vygotsky
• D. Henry Halec

Answer 1

Answer:

C. Lev Vygotsky

• Lev Vygotsky, a prominent Soviet psychologist, developed the theory of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD).
• The ZPD is a central concept in his sociocultural theory of cognitive development.
• Key Idea: The ZPD refers to the difference between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a more knowledgeable other (MKO).
• More Knowledgeable Other (MKO): This can be a teacher, parent, older sibling, or even a peer who possesses a higher understanding or skill level in a particular task.
• Scaffolding: Vygotsky's theory emphasizes the importance of 'scaffolding,' which is the support provided by the MKO to help the learner bridge the gap within their ZPD. This support is gradually withdrawn as the learner becomes more competent.
• Implications for Education: Vygotsky's work profoundly influenced educational practices, advocating for teaching methods that challenge students just beyond their current abilities, supported by collaborative learning and guidance.
• Competitive Exam Relevance: Understanding ZPD and MKO is crucial for questions related to constructivist learning theories, educational psychology, and pedagogical approaches. It's frequently tested in B.Ed., TET, NET, and other teacher eligibility and educational psychology exams.
• Contrast with Piaget: While Jean Piaget focused on individual cognitive development through stages, Vygotsky emphasized the role of social interaction and culture in shaping higher mental functions.
• Published Works: Vygotsky's influential book, Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes, published posthumously, elaborates on these concepts.