Magma as a Source: Statement (i) is correct. Magma, which is molten rock found beneath the Earth's surface, is indeed the primary source from which all mineral crystals originate. As magma cools and solidifies, atoms arrange themselves into orderly, repeating structures, forming minerals.
Mineral Cleavage vs. Fracture: Statement (ii) is incorrect. 'Cleavage' refers to the tendency of a mineral to split or break along smooth, flat planes of weakness. 'Fracture', on the other hand, describes how a mineral breaks when it does not split along cleavage planes. Fracture surfaces are typically irregular, rough, or uneven. Examples of fracture include conchoidal (shell-like) and uneven fractures.
Mineral Diversity and Classification: Statement (iii) is correct. While over 2,000 different minerals have been identified on Earth, a significant majority of these are relatively rare. Most of the Earth's crust is composed of a few major mineral groups. The six major rock-forming mineral groups include:
Silicates (the most abundant group, e.g., quartz, feldspar, mica)
Oxides
Sulfides
Sulfates
Carbonates
Native Elements
These groups account for the vast majority of the minerals found in common rocks.
