Question

At what life stages can lead exposure lead to neurodevelopmental effects in children?

• A. In utero, during breastfeeding, and in early childhood
• B. Only during early childhood
• C. Only in adulthood
• D. Only through contaminated water

Answer 1

Answer:

A. In utero, during breastfeeding, and in early childhood

• Lead is a well-known neurotoxin. Impairment of neurodevelopment in children is the most critical effect. Exposure in utero, during breastfeeding and in early childhood may all be responsible for the effects.

• Lead accumulates in the skeleton, and its mobilization from bones during pregnancy and lactation causes exposure to fetuses and breastfed infants. Hence, the lifetime exposure of woman before pregnancy is important.

• Epidemiological studies consistently show that effects in children are associated with blood lead (B-Pb) levels of about 100-150µg/l.