Question

Column I (Principles)

Unity of command

Scalar chain

Esprit de corps

Equity

Column II (Descriptions)

A. Line of authority and hierarchical order

B. Fairness and kindness in treatment

C. Harmony and unity among personnel

D. One superior per employee

• A. 1-D, 2-A, 3-C, 4-B
• B. 1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A
• C. 1-A, 2-D, 3-B, 4-C
• D. 1-C, 2-B, 3-A, 4-D

Answer 1

Answer:

A. 1-D, 2-A, 3-C, 4-B

Principles of Administration - Henri Fayol

Key Principles Explained:

• Unity of Command: This principle states that an employee should receive orders and instructions from only one superior. This avoids confusion, conflicting directives, and disputes over authority. It ensures clear accountability and efficient execution of tasks. Henri Fayol considered this fundamental for effective management.
• Scalar Chain: This refers to the line of authority that runs from the highest to the lowest rank in an organization. It establishes a hierarchical order through which communication must flow. Fayol emphasized its importance for clear communication and decision-making, although he also acknowledged the need for a 'gangplank' or bridge for direct communication between employees of the same level when necessary and approved by superiors.
• Esprit de Corps: This principle promotes the idea of 'union is strength'. It advocates for fostering team spirit, harmony, and unity among the personnel of an organization. It discourages the division of employees into factions and encourages the development of a cohesive work environment where mutual understanding and cooperation prevail.
• Equity: This principle suggests that managers should treat all employees with fairness, justice, and kindness. It implies that while rules and procedures should be applied consistently, managers should also be understanding and considerate of individual circumstances. Equity aims to ensure that employees feel valued and respected, leading to greater loyalty and motivation.

Background:

• These principles are part of Henri Fayol's 14 Principles of Management, which were published in his book "Administration Industrielle et Générale" (General and Industrial Management) in 1916.
• Fayol, a French mining engineer and director, developed these principles based on his extensive experience, aiming to provide a framework for effective organizational management.
• These principles have had a profound impact on management theory and practice, influencing organizational structures and managerial behavior across various industries.