Question

Consider the following data points related to mortality rates in Kerala and India:

1. Kerala's IMR in 2021 was 5.1.
2. The national average for Neo-Natal Mortality Rate (NNMR) is 20.
3. The all-India figure for Under-five mortality rate is 32.
4. Kerala's Post Neo-natal Mortality Rate (PNNMR) is higher than the India figure.

• A. മൂന്ന് മാത്രം
• B. മൂന്നും നാലും
• C. ഒന്നും രണ്ടും മൂന്നും
• D. ഒന്നും നാലും

Answer 1

Answer:

C. ഒന്നും രണ്ടും മൂന്നും

Understanding Key Mortality Indicators

• Mortality rates are fundamental indicators of a region's public health status, healthcare accessibility, and overall socio-economic development.

• In India, the primary source for comprehensive demographic and health statistics, including mortality rates, is the Sample Registration System (SRS), conducted by the Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.

Definitions of Key Mortality Rates:

• Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): Defined as the number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1,000 live births. It is a highly sensitive indicator reflecting a nation's health and development.

• Neo-Natal Mortality Rate (NNMR): Represents deaths of live-born infants during the first 28 completed days of life per 1,000 live births. These deaths are often due to birth-related complications, prematurity, or infections.

• Post Neo-natal Mortality Rate (PNNMR): Measures deaths of infants aged 28 days to under one year per 1,000 live births. Causes are often related to nutrition, infections, and environmental factors. PNNMR = IMR - NNMR.

• Under-Five Mortality Rate (U5MR): The probability of a child born in a specific year dying before reaching the age of five years, per 1,000 live births. It provides a comprehensive picture of child survival.