Question

Find out the correct statements about 'Theyyam' the revered ritual art form of Kerala ?

1. The Theyyam period spans from the 10th day of the Malayalam month Thulam (October/November) and concludes by the end of June.
2. The initial phase of Theyyam is known as Vellattam or Thottam
3. Theyyams are typically performed in sacred groves and other locations, occurring once a year as Kaliyattam
4. Infrequent performances, held after many years, are known as Perumkaliyattam.

• A. i, iii
• B. i, iv
• C. None of these
• D. All of these

Answer 1

Answer:

D. All of these

Theyyam

• Theyyam is a revered ritual art form originating from Kolathunadu, the historical Kingdom of Cannanore.
• The captivating Theyyam dance takes place in diverse locations, including village shrines, groves, and homes as part of ancestor worship.
• The Theyyam period spans from the 10th day of the Malayalam month Thulam (October/November) and concludes by the end of June.

Spiritual Embodiment:

• Participants in Theyyam assume the divine form, engaging in dances that propitiate and appease gods.
• In return, the gods are believed to bestow prosperity and peace upon society.

Performer Communities:

• The performers, known as Theyyam, represent various communities, including Vannan, Malayan, Mavilan, Velan, Munnoottan, Anjunnoottan, Pulayar, Kopalar, and others.

Performance & Rituals

• The Theyyam performance follows a series of rituals, starting with an initial intimation to the performer (Kolakaran), followed by the fixation of the performance date.
• The initial phase, known as Vellattam or Thottam (Thottampattu), is a light-hearted performance without elaborate costumes.
• The Kolakaran narrates the origin and characteristics of different Theyyams.
• Instruments such as Chenda, Veekan Chenda, Ilathalam, and Kuzhal accompany the thottampattu, enhancing the ritualistic atmosphere.

Facial Makeup and Costumes:

• During Vellattam, the performer's face is painted, and a tuft of hair adorns their head.
• The facial makeup involves vibrant colors extracted from nature, such as Chayilyam, Karimazhi, Aripodi, and Maniyola.
• Not all Theyyams undergo Vellattam; some instead have the function of receiving Podiyila.
• After the ritual song (thottam), the Kolakaran reappears on stage with proper makeup and costumes, showcasing different patterns of facial makeup.
• Theyyams are typically performed in sacred groves and other locations, occurring once a year as Kaliyattam. Infrequent performances, held after many years, are known as Perumkaliyattam.