Question

For short-term climatic predictions, which one of the following events, detected in the last decade, is associated with occasional weak monsoon rains in the Indian sub-continent?

• A. La Nina
• B. Movement of Jet Streams
• C. EI Nino and Southern Oscillations
• D. Greenhouse effect on global level

Answer 1

Answer:

C. EI Nino and Southern Oscillations

El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

• It is a climate phenomenon characterized by the periodic and irregular warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, along with associated changes in atmospheric pressure patterns.
• It is a coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon that has significant impacts on weather and climate patterns worldwide.
• ENSO consists of two phases: El Niño and La Niña.
• During an El Niño event, the sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean become unusually warm.
• This warming disrupts normal weather patterns and tends to suppress the Indian monsoon, leading to drier and warmer conditions in parts of India and Southeast Asia.