Question

In a Parliamentary system, who among the following is known as the head of the Government?

• A. Prime Minister
• B. Chief Minister
• C. Chief Justice
• D. President

Answer 1

Answer:

A. Prime Minister

Role of the Prime Minister in a Parliamentary System

• The Prime Minister (PM) is the head of the government in a parliamentary system.
• This individual is typically the leader of the political party or coalition that holds a majority of seats in the lower house of parliament (e.g., the Lok Sabha in India).
• The PM is responsible for the day-to-day administration of the country and heads the executive branch of the government.
• Key responsibilities include:
  • Forming the Council of Ministers and assigning them portfolios.
  • Presiding over cabinet meetings.
  • Acting as the chief advisor to the President (or head of state).
  • Being the principal spokesperson for the government, both domestically and internationally.
  • Coordinating the work of various government departments.

Distinction from Head of State

• It is crucial to distinguish the head of government from the head of state.
• In many parliamentary systems, the President (in a republic) or a Monarch (in a constitutional monarchy) serves as the head of state.
• The head of state is often a ceremonial figure, representing the nation, while the head of government holds actual executive power.
• In India, the President is the constitutional head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government.

Constitutional Provisions (India)

• Article 74 of the Indian Constitution states that there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head to aid and advise the President.
• Article 75 outlines the appointment and removal of the Prime Minister and other ministers. The PM is appointed by the President, and other ministers are appointed on the PM's advice.
• The Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers are collectively responsible to the House of the People (Lok Sabha).