Question

In the context of Buddhism, what does the term "Vihara" refer to?

• A. Monks' dwelling quarters with an open public space
• B. A type of cooking utensil used by the Monks
• C. A form of meditation technique practiced by the Monks
• D. A musical instrument played by the Monks

Answer 1

Answer:

A. Monks' dwelling quarters with an open public space

Vihara

• A "vihara" is a Buddhist renunciate monastery.
• In early Sanskrit and Pali texts, it had a broader meaning, referring to any arrangement of space or amenities for dwelling.
• In ancient Indian rock-cut architecture, a "vihara" or "vihara hall" specifically denotes a central hall with attached small cells, some containing stone-carved beds.
• In early examples, there might be a shrine cell with a stupa, while later ones could feature a Buddha figure.
• Viharas were primarily constructed to offer shelter to monks, especially during rainy days.
• Prominent sites with multiple viharas include the Ajanta Caves, Aurangabad Caves, Karli Caves, and Kanheri Caves.
• Over time, the term "vihara" has evolved into an architectural concept within Buddhism, referring to the dwelling quarters of monks, often including an open public space or courtyard.