Match the following:(i) Theory of social cognitive constructivism - (a) Abraham Maslow(ii) Psychoanalytic theory - (b) Sigmund Freud(iii) Self actualisation theory

Match the following:

(i) Theory of social cognitive constructivism - (a) Abraham Maslow

(ii) Psychoanalytic theory - (b) Sigmund Freud

(iii) Self actualisation theory - (c) Vygotsky

A(i)-(a), (ii)-(b), (ii)-(c)

B(i)-(c), (ii)-(b), (iii)-(a)

C(i)-(b), (ii)-(a), (iii)-(c)

D(i)-(c), (ii)-(a), (iii)-(b)

Answer:

(i) Theory of Social Cognitive Constructivism - Lev Vygotsky

Vygotsky's theory emphasizes the role of social interactions and culture in shaping cognitive development. Key concepts include:

- Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD): The range of knowledge that a learner can acquire with guidance.

- Scaffolding: Temporary support provided by more knowledgeable others to facilitate learning.

- Social Constructivism: Knowledge is constructed through social interactions and shared meanings.

(ii) Psychoanalytic Theory - Sigmund Freud

Freud's psychoanalytic theory focuses on the unconscious mind and its role in shaping behavior. Key concepts include:

- Id, Ego, and Superego: Structures of the personality that interact to influence behavior.

- Unconscious Mind: Thoughts, feelings, and memories that are inaccessible to conscious awareness.

- Defense Mechanisms: Strategies used to cope with stress, anxiety, or other uncomfortable emotions.

(iii) Self-Actualization Theory - Abraham Maslow

Maslow's self-actualization theory proposes that human beings have an innate desire to realize their full potential. Key concepts include:

- Hierarchy of Needs: A pyramid of needs, ranging from basic physiological needs to self-actualization.

- Self-Actualization: The highest level of human need, involving personal growth, creativity, and fulfillment.

- Humanistic Psychology: An approach that emphasizes human dignity, worth, and potential.

Challenger App