AMistrust in infancy
BIdentity confusion in adolescence
CIsolation in adulthood
DGuilt in childhood
Answer:
D. Guilt in childhood
Read Explanation:
In psychology, guilt in childhood can be a result of a number of factors, including:
Too many rules and restrictions
Children who experience too many rules and restrictions, or who fail too often, may feel guilty and blame themselves. This can lead to a fear of trying new things and a lack of initiative.
Childhood trauma
Children who feel unsafe or unsupported may feel guilty about their thoughts, behaviors, desires, and values. They may come to believe that something is wrong with them.
Learned from trusted people
Children can learn guilt from people they trust, such as parents, teachers, family, and friends.
Society and religion
Society and religion can also consciously or unconsciously reinforce guilt.
Guilt can be a healthy part of child development, as it can help children learn that it's wrong to harm others or take away toys. However, too much or too little guilt can be harmful. Unhealthy guilt can lead to negative manifestations such as:
Timidity
Fright
Shame
Fear
Wakefulness
Low self-esteem
Indecisiveness
Lack of initiative
Parents and caregivers can help instill guilt in a healthy way by:
Helping children understand the connection between their actions and the emotional consequences
Avoiding instilling guilt for something a child has no control over.