Statement 1: "Temperature in Punjab can fall below freezing in winter." - Correct
During the cold weather season, especially in December and January, the night temperatures in Punjab can dip below the freezing point. This happens due to continental climate conditions, absence of cloud cover, and cold wave incursions from the northwest. This extreme drop in temperature is a typical feature of northwestern India in winter.
Statement 2: "The Ganga Valley experiences westerly or northwesterly winds." - Correct
The topography of the Ganga Valley influences the direction of surface winds during winter. The high-pressure zone in northwest India causes air to move towards the low-pressure area over the southern parts, leading to westerly or northwesterly winds blowing down the Ganga Valley.
Statement 3: "All parts of India get uniform rainfall from the northeast monsoon." - Incorrect
The northeast monsoon (also known as retreating monsoon) does not bring uniform rainfall across India. Its rainfall is concentrated mainly along the southeastern coast, especially Tamil Nadu, southern Andhra Pradesh, and southeast Kerala. Most of central and northern India remain dry during this season, and hence the rainfall is highly regional and uneven.
