Question

Select all the correct statements about the Varna system in the later Vedic period:

1. The Varna system in the later Vedic period divided society into five varnas
2. Initially, the Varna system denoted categories of people based on their functions, but over time, it became hereditary and rigid.
3. The Brahmans occupied a dominant position in society during this period.

• A. ii, iii
• B. ii only
• C. All
• D. iii only

Answer 1

Answer:

A. ii, iii

The Varna system

• During the later Vedic period, the Varna system, also known as the Varna-Vyavastha, classified society into four primary varnas or social classes. These varnas were:
  • Brahmanas: The priestly class responsible for performing religious rituals, teaching, and preserving sacred knowledge.
  • Kshatriyas: The warrior and ruling class responsible for governance, defense, and protection of the kingdom.
  • Vaishyas: The merchant and agricultural class engaged in trade, commerce, and farming.
  • Shudras: The laborer and service class, often tasked with manual and service-oriented work.
• Initially, the Varna system was based on individuals' roles and functions in society rather than birth.
• People were assigned to varnas based on their skills and occupations.
• However, as time passed, this system became hereditary and rigid, with social status being determined by one's birth rather than their abilities or occupation.
• This rigidity contributed to the caste system, which is an elaboration of the Varna system and is characterized by strict hereditary social divisions.

Position of the Brahmanas

• The Brahmans, as the priestly class and keepers of sacred knowledge, held a dominant position in society during the later Vedic period.
• They were revered for their role in conducting religious rituals, teaching, and preserving ancient texts.
• Their influence extended beyond religious matters and often encompassed social and cultural spheres as well.