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What does vertical inequality refer to?

  1. Vertical inequality refers to inequality among different countries.
  2. Vertical inequality refers to inequality among individuals or households.
  3. Vertical inequality is only concerned with the distribution of wealth.

    Aii only

    Bii, iii

    Ci only

    Di, iii

    Answer:

    A. ii only

    Read Explanation:

    • Vertical inequality refers to inequality among individuals or households.

    • The nature and extent of vertical inequality are important for a number of reasons.

    • One is that of creating a just society because happiness tends to be higher in an egalitarian or more equal society.


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    Which of the following factors have effectively contributed to reducing poverty in Kerala?

    1. Land reforms, along with the widespread availability of education and healthcare, have played a crucial role.
    2. Decentralization, pension schemes, and an efficient public distribution system were key strategies.
    3. The Kudumbashree initiative and consolidated efforts through Plan schemes have significantly contributed.
    4. Poverty reduction in Kerala is solely attributable to rapid industrialization and private sector growth.