Question

Which factor most strongly distinguishes Kerala's development experience from many other states?

• A. High income inequality
• B. Social development first, growth later
• C. Export-led manufacturing growth
• D. Heavy privatisation of education

Answer 1

Answer:

B. Social development first, growth later

• This phenomenon, often termed the "Kerala Model," is unique in that the state achieved exceptionally high social indicators—such as high literacy, low infant mortality, high life expectancy, and a low birth rate—at a time when its per capita income was relatively low and economic growth was modest.

• Social Development Focus: Kerala prioritized heavy and equitable public investment in education and health from an early stage, driven by public action, social reform movements, and political mobilization (including the first democratically elected communist government in the world).

• Decoupling Growth and Welfare: This achievement of high quality-of-life indicators before achieving high levels of economic or industrial growth is what distinguishes it from the conventional development trajectory followed by most other Indian states and nations, which typically see social improvements as a consequence of economic growth.