Which of the following are recognized ongoing functions occurring within ecosystems?Energy flow and production are key functions.Decomposition and nutrient cycling are essential processes.Succession is a process that leads solely to the degradation of an ecosystem.

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Which of the following are recognized ongoing functions occurring within ecosystems?

A1, 2

B1, 3

CAll

D1 only

Answer:

Ecosystems are characterized by several vital functions that ensure their sustainability and productivity.
Energy flow describes the movement of energy from the sun through various trophic levels. Production refers to the creation of organic matter.
Decomposition is the breakdown of dead organic material, releasing nutrients.
Nutrient cycling is the movement of chemical elements through the ecosystem.
Ecological succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time, often leading to a more stable and complex community, rather than degradation.

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Leaching by water transfers soluble materials away from decomposing organic matter.
Fragmentation by soil animals breaks large pieces of organic matter into smaller ones.
Chemical alteration of dead organic matter is primarily a consequence of microbial activity.
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