Question

Routinely used anticoagulant in blood bank :

• A. EDTA
• B. CPD
• C. Double oxalate
• D. Heparin

Answer 1

Answer:

B. CPD

Primary Anticoagulant Overview

• CPDA-1 (Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Adenine) is the most routinely used anticoagulant-preservative solution in blood banks.
• It extends the shelf life of stored whole blood or red blood cells to 35 days when stored at 1°C to 6°C.

Components and Functions:

• Sodium Citrate: Functions as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium, which is essential for the coagulation cascade.
• Citric Acid: Regulates the pH level of the solution to prevent rapid glycolysis.
• Dextrose (Glucose): Serves as a vital energy substrate for red blood cells, supporting their metabolism during storage.
• Phosphate: Acts as a buffer to maintain ATP levels within the red blood cells, preventing hemolysis.
• Adenine: Enhances the synthesis of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), which is critical for maintaining red cell viability during prolonged storage.

Alternative Solutions:

• CPD (Citrate Phosphate Dextrose): Extends shelf life to 21 days.
• ACD (Acid Citrate Dextrose): An older anticoagulant, less frequently used now due to shorter shelf life (21 days) and lower ATP preservation compared to CPDA-1.
• Additive Solutions (AS-1, AS-3, AS-5): These contain additional nutrients (like mannitol, saline, or adenine) and are used after the removal of plasma from red cell concentrates to extend shelf life up to 42 days.