Question

The classical theory is also known by which of the following names?

• A. Socio-Psychological Approach
• B. Human Relations School
• C. Mechanistic Theory
• D. Behavioural Approach

Answer 1

Answer:

C. Mechanistic Theory

Classical Theory of Administration

• The Classical Theory of Administration, a foundational concept in management studies, is also widely referred to as the Mechanistic Theory.
• This theory emerged during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a period marked by the Industrial Revolution and the rise of large-scale organizations.
• Key proponents of the Classical Theory include:
  • Frederick Winslow Taylor: Known for his work on Scientific Management, emphasizing efficiency through detailed task analysis and standardization.
  • Henri Fayol: Developed the Administrative Theory, outlining 14 principles of management applicable to all levels of an organization.
  • Max Weber: Contributed the concept of Bureaucracy, advocating for a hierarchical structure, formal rules, and impersonality to ensure efficiency and fairness.
• The Mechanistic Theory views organizations as similar to machines, focusing on:
  • Structure: Clear lines of authority and responsibility.
  • Specialization: Division of labor into specific tasks.
  • Hierarchy: A formal chain of command from top to bottom.
  • Efficiency: Maximizing output with minimal input through standardized procedures.
  • Control: Close supervision and regulation of employees' activities.
• This approach is characterized by its emphasis on rationality, predictability, and control, aiming to create highly efficient and predictable organizational systems.
• The Classical Theory is often contrasted with later theories like the Human Relations Theory, which focuses more on the social and psychological aspects of workers.