Question

The Gandhara School of Art is primarily associated with which religious tradition, and how is the Buddha typically depicted in its sculptures?

• A. Jainism; portrayed in standing posture with a broad smile and minimal ornamentation
• B. Hinduism; shown in dynamic dancing forms with elaborate jewelry
• C. Buddhism (Mahayana); depicted with a serene expression, wavy hair, and Greco-Roman drapery
• D. Buddhism (Hinayana); represented through symbols like the lotus and wheel without human form

Answer 1

Answer:

C. Buddhism (Mahayana); depicted with a serene expression, wavy hair, and Greco-Roman drapery

Gandhara School Situated in the Northwest Frontier of India, encompassing regions in Pakistan (near Peshawar) and Afghanistan. Major centers included Jalalabad (Afghanistan), Hadda, Bagram (Afghanistan), and Taxila (Pakistan). Flourished under the Kushana rulers, particularly Kanishka, and was later supported by the Sakas. Primarily associated with Buddhism, especially the Mahayana tradition. Strongly influenced by Greek art, leading to its identification as the Greco-Indian School of Art or Hellenistic Sculpture. Sculptures were primarily made from bluish-grey sandstone and stucco. Features of Gandhara Sculpture The Buddha is depicted in a spiritual state, with half-closed eyes and elongated ears, often seated in a yogic posture. Great attention to physical details, including wavy hair. Some depictions feature Buddha with a beard or mustache. The Buddha is portrayed with a lean body, emphasizing his ascetic nature. Both seated and standing figures are commonly found.