The "I" in Systems Theory represents which process?
AInternal communication
BInnovation and change
CIntegration of subsystems
DInput–Process–Output cycle
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Related Questions:
Consider the following statements about the enduring impact of classical theory:
It transformed administration from an art to a science, fulfilling Woodrow Wilson's call for a "science of administration."
Classical principles influenced U.S. reforms like the Brownlow Committee (1937) and Hoover Commissions (1949, 1955).
Its limitations spurred behavioral inquiries, establishing it as the foundation of 20th-century administrative thought.
Assertion and Reason (A/R)
Assertion (A): Herbert Simon argued that administrative principles are often contradictory, existing in plausible pairs.
Reason (R): This contradiction implies that administrative theories are inherently flawed because they lack universal, empirically verifiable laws.
Which is correct?
Which of the following statement(s) reflect(s) Herbert A. Simon’s perspective on administration?
i. Administration involves activities of groups cooperating to achieve common goals.
ii. It is primarily concerned with the legislative branch of government.
iii. It includes the systematic ordering of affairs to achieve intended outcomes.
iv. It is a universal process occurring across diverse institutional settings.
The 'Principles of Investigation' emphasize that decisions should be based on:
Consider the following statements In the context of Urwick's Principles of Organisation:
I. The Principle of Correspondence dictates that authority levels must align precisely with responsibility levels.
II. Urwick identified the Span of Control as a maximum of ten subordinates whose work interlocks.
III. The principle of definition requires a clear, written prescription of duties and authority relationships.
Which of the following statements is correct?