ASpiral Method
BLinear Method
CModular Method
DConcentric Method
Answer:
A. Spiral Method
Read Explanation:
Spiral Method (Spiral Curriculum)
The Spiral Method or Spiral Curriculum is an important curriculum design approach introduced by the renowned psychologist Jerome Bruner.
Instead of teaching a topic all at once, this method introduces subjects to children step by step, matching their age and cognitive development.
Key Features:
Revisiting Core Concepts: Learners repeatedly return to basic ideas they have previously learned.
Increasing Complexity & Depth: At each stage or grade level, the same subject is revisited with greater depth, complexity, and added details.
Spiral Structure: Just like a spiral expands outward and upward, knowledge grows from simple, foundational facts to complex, abstract concepts.
Example:
Consider how the topic "Plants" is taught across different school levels:
Primary School: Students identify the basic parts of a plant (roots, stem, leaves).
Upper Primary: They learn the basics of how plants make food (Photosynthesis).
High School: They study the detailed chemical reactions of photosynthesis and the internal structure of chloroplasts.
Benefits:
Helps students grasp complex ideas more easily.
Reinforces prior learning, preventing information from being forgotten.
Promotes active learning by building new knowledge directly on existing concepts (Constructivism).
Formality & Context: Written in a formal, educational register suitable for pedagogy notes and exam preparation (e.g., KTET, CTET, PSC).
Key Pedagogy Terms: "Curriculum approach" translates to കറിക്കുലം സമീപനം, "Revisiting" to മുന്നറിവുമായി ബന്ധിപ്പിക്കൽ, and "Cognitive development" to മാനസിക വളർച്ച.
Conceptual Precision: The distinction between expanding complexity (spiral) vs. simple spatial breadth (concentric) is preserved using standard psychological terminology.