The process of reflection helps students in self-improvement, and while carrying out a project, this can be done both during the project and after carrying out the activity.
Reflection is a continuous cycle rather than a single event. Here is how reflection works at different stages of a project:
During the project (Reflection-in-action): This allows students to monitor their progress, identify challenges in real-time, adjust their strategies, and correct mistakes before the final submission.
After carrying out the activity (Reflection-on-action): This helps students evaluate the final outcome, analyze what went well or poorly, and understand how they can apply these learnings to future projects.
For a comprehensive approach to self-improvement, reflection should happen at all stages—before, during, and after the activity.