Question

The Tamil word 'muvendar' mentioned in the Sangam poem means .................

• A. Dhamma mahamatta
• B. Headman
• C. Rich
• D. three chiefs

Answer 1

Answer:

D. three chiefs

• "Megaliths" are big stones of different shapes, placed over graves in ancient Tamilakam.

• Remnants of iron tools and implements, earthenware, grains, and other objects used during that period have been found in such graves.

• Megaliths are evidences of the human life in ancient Tamilakam. Hence the period is known as the Megalithic Age. The Iron Age of the ancient Tamilakam is known as the Megalithic Age.

• Megalithic monuments : Stone circle, dolmen, cist, rock chamber, thoppikkallu (tomb stone), kudakkallu (umbrella stone), sarcophagus, menhir, etc.

• The ancient Tamilakam was ruled by the dynasties called the Cheras, the Cholas, and the Pandyas, collectively known as Moovendars.

• The major sources on the life of people in ancient Tamilakam are the megaliths and the pazhamthamizhpattukal (ancient Tamil songs), also known as 'Sangham Literature'.

• The Pandyas who ruled the ancient Tamilakam with Madurai as their capital, patronized an assembly of poets known as Sangham & their songs are known as 'Sangham Literature'

• The important works in the Sangham literature are Pathupattu, Patittupattu, Akananuru, and Purananuru