The two ways management thinkers have defined the term "planning". One is "based on futurity" and the other is "based on thinking". Which of the following thinkers is cited for defining planning as "anticipatory decision-making"?

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The two ways management thinkers have defined the term "planning". One is "based on futurity" and the other is "based on thinking". Which of the following thinkers is cited for defining planning as "anticipatory decision-making"?

AKoontz

BAllen

CAckoff

DAlford and Beatt

Answer:

C. Ackoff

Read Explanation:

"Planning is anticipatory decision-making," attributed to Ackoff.

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Consider the following statements on the characteristics of a good plan:

A good plan should be flexible, meaning it has the ability to adapt to changes in the environment without excessive cost.
A good plan must be rational and based on facts, data, and scientific analysis, not just intuition or personal feelings.
A good plan should be all-encompassing, which means that the entire organization must follow a single, comprehensive plan without any deviation.