Question

Which classical dance form is performed by the renowned artists; Sitara Devi, Rohini Bhate, Pandit Munnalal Shukla, Kumudini Lakhia and Uma Sharma?

• A. Kathak
• B. Bharatanatyam
• C. Odissi
• D. Kuchipudi

Answer 1

Answer:

A. Kathak

Kathak: A North Indian Classical Dance Form

Origin and Evolution:

• Kathak is one of the major classical dance forms of India, originating from the northern part of the country.

• The name 'Kathak' is derived from the Sanskrit word 'katha', meaning 'story'. Kathaks were originally storytellers who used dance, music, and mime to narrate tales, primarily from epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana, and also folklores.

• It has a rich history, evolving through various periods, including the Mughal era, which influenced its costumes, themes, and aesthetics, adding elements like 'chakkars' (spins) and intricate footwork.

Key Characteristics:

• Known for its fast, intricate footwork (tatkar) adorned with ghungroos (ankle bells).

• Emphasis on graceful hand movements (mudras), expressive facial gestures (abhinaya), and sharp, rhythmic pirouettes (chakkars).

• It often portrays devotional themes, romantic tales, and heroic deeds.

Major Gharanas (Schools of Dance):

• Kathak is traditionally divided into several 'gharanas', each with its distinct style and emphasis. The most prominent ones are:

  • Lucknow Gharana: Known for its grace, emotiveness, and emphasis on lasya (graceful aspect).

  • Jaipur Gharana: Characterized by its vigorous footwork, dramatic expression, and emphasis on tandava (vigorous aspect).

  • Benaras Gharana: Known for its sculptural poses, complex rhythmic patterns, and a blend of lasya and tandava.

  • Raigarh Gharana: A synthesis of the other gharanas, patronized by the King of Raigarh.

Renowned Exponents Mentioned:

• Sitara Devi: Often referred to as the 'Queen of Kathak', a legendary dancer from the Benaras Gharana, known for her vibrant performances.

• Rohini Bhate: A prominent dancer and scholar, associated with the Lucknow Gharana, known for her innovative interpretations.

• Pandit Munnalal Shukla: A distinguished artist and guru from the Lucknow Gharana, known for his contributions to choreography and teaching.

• Kumudini Lakhia: A renowned dancer, choreographer, and teacher, credited with evolving Kathak by incorporating modern sensibilities and group choreographies.

• Uma Sharma: A highly respected Kathak exponent, known for her classical renditions and contribution to the art form.