Question

Which constitutional amendments are considered the legal foundation for decentralized planning in India, including Kerala's initiatives?

• A. 42nd and 44th Amendments
• B. 52nd and 61st Amendments
• C. 86th and 97th Amendments
• D. 73rd and 74th Amendments

Answer 1

Answer:

D. 73rd and 74th Amendments

• The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts of 1992 provided constitutional status to Panchayati Raj Institutions (rural local bodies) and Urban Local Bodies, respectively.

• They mandated the states to establish a three-tier system of local self-government and devolve powers, functions, and finances to them, providing the legal basis for decentralized governance in Kerala.