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Which constitutional amendments are considered the legal foundation for decentralized planning in India, including Kerala's initiatives?

A42nd and 44th Amendments

B52nd and 61st Amendments

C86th and 97th Amendments

D73rd and 74th Amendments

Answer:

D. 73rd and 74th Amendments

Read Explanation:

  • The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts of 1992 provided constitutional status to Panchayati Raj Institutions (rural local bodies) and Urban Local Bodies, respectively.

  • They mandated the states to establish a three-tier system of local self-government and devolve powers, functions, and finances to them, providing the legal basis for decentralized governance in Kerala.

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