AEconomic forecasting.
BGraph theory.
CSampling and Inference.
DAgent-based modeling.
Answer:
C. Sampling and Inference.
Read Explanation:
Social Sciences - Relationship With Mathematics
1. Quantitative Analysis and Measurement
Statistics and Data Analysis: Social scientists rely heavily on statistics to collect, analyze, and interpret numerical data related to human behavior and social phenomena. This includes surveys, experiments, and demographic studies.
Sampling and Inference: Mathematical principles of sampling allow social scientists to draw conclusions about larger populations based on smaller samples, which is essential for studying attitudes, opinions, and behaviors.
Measuring Social Phenomena: Mathematics provides tools to quantify aspects of social life that are not directly measurable, such as quality of life or levels of happiness.
2. Modeling and Prediction
Mathematical Models: Social scientists create mathematical models to represent real-world events and relationships in various fields like economics, sociology, and political science. These models use input parameters, processes, and generate outputs.
Economic Forecasting: Economists use mathematical models for predicting economic trends, like those related to GDP growth and inflation.
Simulating Social Interactions: Agent-based models simulate human interactions to study patterns of behavior and decision-making, which can be applied to areas like the spread of ideas or the formation of social norms.
Network Analysis:
Graph theory, a branch of mathematics, is used in social network analysis (SNA) to examine the structure of social relationships.
This helps understand how individuals and groups are connected and influence each other.