Which of the following biological fertilizers is commonly used in rice cultivation ?
APhosphobacteria
BRhizobium
CAzotobacter
DVermicompost
Answer:
A. Phosphobacteria
Read Explanation:
Phosphobacteria in Rice Cultivation
Phosphobacteria are a group of bacteria that play a crucial role in making phosphorus available to plants in the soil.
In rice cultivation, these bacteria are widely used as a biological fertilizer because rice paddies often have a high content of phosphorus locked in forms that plants cannot absorb.
Phosphobacteria convert insoluble phosphates (like rock phosphate) into soluble forms, primarily orthophosphates, which are readily absorbed by rice roots.
This process is known as phosphorus solubilization and is vital for plant growth, especially for a nutrient-demanding crop like rice.
The use of phosphobacteria helps in reducing the reliance on synthetic phosphorus fertilizers, which can be costly and may lead to environmental pollution.
Common genera of phosphobacteria used in agriculture include Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Arthrobacter.
These bacteria can be applied to the soil directly or used as a seed coating.
Benefits of using Phosphobacteria:
Increases phosphorus availability to plants.
Enhances root development and plant vigor.
Improves crop yield and quality.
Reduces the need for chemical fertilizers.
Contributes to sustainable agriculture practices.
Other Biological Fertilizers: While phosphobacteria are key for phosphorus, other biological fertilizers include
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum) that convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms for plants.
Mycorrhizal fungi that form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, enhancing nutrient and water uptake.