Question

Which of the following developments occurred as a result of the cultural synthesis in Indian music during the medieval period?

• A. Classical Indian music completely separated from religious movements.
• B. Musical traditions remained confined to Hindu temples and royal courts.
• C. The Bhakti and Sufi movements enriched the musical style, and Persian ragas like aiman and sanam were integrated into Indian music.
• D. Only folk music was influenced by Persian and Arab traditions, not classical forms.

Answer 1

Answer:

C. The Bhakti and Sufi movements enriched the musical style, and Persian ragas like aiman and sanam were integrated into Indian music.

Turkic Influence: The Turks inherited a rich musical tradition from the Arabs and introduced new instruments such as the rabab and sarangi to India. Cultural Synthesis: The Sufi and Bhakti movements further enriched and popularized this evolving musical style. Key Figures: Amir Khusrau and Sufi saint Pir Bodhan were pioneers in shaping this musical tradition. Perso-Arabic Influence: The arrival of the Turks introduced Perso-Arabic ragas like aiman, ghora, and sanam into Indian music. Literary Contributions: During the reign of Firuz Tughlaq, the Indian classical text Raga Darpan was translated into Persian. Royal Patronage: Raja Man Singh of Gwalior, a great patron of music, incorporated elements of Muslim musical traditions into his work Man Kautuhal.