Question

Which of the following features distinguishes the Khayal style in Hindustani classical music?

• A. Long, rigid compositions with minimal scope for improvisation
• B. Focus on instrumental performance rather than vocal expression
• C. Short compositions called bandish, allowing for creative vocal improvisation
• D. Exclusive use of ancient Sanskrit verses and Vedic hymns

Answer 1

Answer:

C. Short compositions called bandish, allowing for creative vocal improvisation

Khayal: Derived from the Persian word meaning "idea" or "imagination," khayal allows greater improvisation and is highly favored by musicians. It consists of short compositions ranging from two to eight lines, commonly referred to as bandish. While its origins are attributed to Amir Khusrau in the 13th century, it reached its peak in the 18th century under Niyamat Khan Sadarang and Adarang. Khayal is now the most prestigious form of Hindustani classical music. Amir Khusrau also played a crucial role in promoting instrumental music, is credited with inventing the sitar and tabla, and introduced new ragas. Most Hindustani musicians trace their lineage to Tansen.