Question

Which of the following is a significant challenge to women's empowerment in India, involving physical and psychological harm?

• A. Limited Political Representation
• B. Gender Pay Gap
• C. Gender-based Violence
• D. Social Norms and Cultural Barriers

Answer 1

Answer:

C. Gender-based Violence

Understanding Gender-Based Violence in the Context of Women's Empowerment in India

• Definition: Gender-based violence (GBV) refers to any harmful act that is perpetrated against a person's will and is based on the socially ascribed distinctions between males and females. It encompasses physical, sexual, and psychological harm.

• Prevalence in India:

  • GBV is a pervasive issue in India, significantly hindering women's empowerment across social, economic, and political spheres.

  • National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data consistently highlights the high incidence of various forms of violence against women.

  • According to the NCRB 2022 report, India registered over 31,000 cases of rape, and a total of over 3.5 lakh cases of crimes against women.

• Impact on Women's Empowerment:

  • Economic Disempowerment: Fear of violence restricts women's mobility, access to education and employment opportunities, and participation in public life, thereby limiting their economic independence.

  • Social Disempowerment: GBV can lead to social exclusion, stigma, and isolation, undermining women's self-esteem and their ability to assert their rights.

  • Political Disempowerment: Violence discourages women from participating in political processes and leadership roles, further marginalizing their voices.

  • Psychological Trauma: The physical and psychological toll of violence can result in long-term mental health issues, impacting overall well-being and agency.

• Legal and Policy Framework:

  • India has enacted several laws to combat GBV, including the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, and amendments to the Indian Penal Code concerning sexual offenses.

  • The government has also launched various initiatives like 'Beti Bachao Beti Padhao' and helplines (e.g., 181 for women in distress) to address the issue.