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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of langue?

ASocial

BCollective

CDynamic

DAbstract

Answer:

C. Dynamic

Read Explanation:

1. Langue (Language System):

  • Langue refers to the collective, social, and abstract system of language that exists within a linguistic community.

  • It encompasses the underlying structure and rules that govern how a language functions, such as grammar, syntax, phonology, and vocabulary.

  • Langue is the shared knowledge of the speakers of a language, the system of conventions and rules that they use to understand and produce speech.

  • It is essentially the language as a structure—the code.

  • It is social and collective, meaning it is not tied to any individual but is a product of the community's agreement and usage

  • Langue is relatively stable over time, though it can change slowly through shifts in usage and norms.

2. Parole (Speech/Individual Use):

  • Parole refers to individual speech acts—the actual, concrete use of language by a speaker.

  • It is the expression of language in practice: the sentences we speak, the words we choose, the variations in pronunciation, and the meanings we communicate in real-time communication.

  • Parole is individual and dynamic. It is the moment-to-moment use of language that occurs in specific contexts, reflecting the personal choices and creativity of speakers.

  • While langue is the set of rules, parole is how those rules are applied in communication.

  • Parole can vary greatly, as it is influenced by factors like context, emotion, purpose, and individual expression.


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