Which of the following options has all vector quantities?
AForce, Velocity, Momentum, Energy and Power
BForce, Velocity, Momentum, Energy and Acceleration
CPower, Momentum, Energy, Speed and Work
DForce, Velocity, Momentum, Weight and Acceleration
Answer:
D. Force, Velocity, Momentum, Weight and Acceleration
Read Explanation:
Understanding Vector Quantities
Definition of Vector Quantity
- A vector quantity is a physical quantity that has both magnitude (size or amount) and direction.
- To fully describe a vector quantity, you need to specify both how much of it there is and in which direction it is acting.
Examples of Vector Quantities
Force
- Magnitude: The strength of the push or pull.
- Direction: The direction in which the push or pull is applied.
- For example, pushing a box with 10 Newtons of force to the right is different from pushing it with 10 Newtons of force to the left.
Velocity
- Magnitude: The speed of the object.
- Direction: The direction in which the object is moving.
- For instance, a car traveling at 60 km/h north has a different velocity than a car traveling at 60 km/h south.
Momentum
- Magnitude: The product of an object's mass and its velocity (p = mv).
- Direction: The direction of the object's velocity.
- Momentum is often described as the 'quantity of motion' and is conserved in a closed system.
Weight
- Magnitude: The force of gravity acting on an object (W = mg, where m is mass and g is acceleration due to gravity).
- Direction: Always directed towards the center of the gravitational body (e.g., Earth).
- Weight is different from mass, which is a scalar quantity.
Acceleration
- Magnitude: The rate at which velocity changes.
- Direction: The direction in which the velocity is changing.
- Acceleration can be positive (speeding up in the direction of motion), negative (slowing down, or speeding up in the opposite direction), or change direction.
Distinction from Scalar Quantities
- Scalar quantities, in contrast, only have magnitude and no direction. Examples include mass, speed, distance, time, and temperature.
- For example, speed is the magnitude of velocity; distance is the magnitude of displacement.