Question

Which of the following pairs of Kashmiri music and its description is correctly matched?

• A. Chakri – Classical form using Santoor and Hafiz Nagma
• B. Sufiana Music – Folk style sung with Garaha and Rabab
• C. Hafiz Nagma – Dance based on musical notes of Sufiana music
• D. Rouf – Instrumental duet performed with Santoor and Sitar

Answer 1

Answer:

C. Hafiz Nagma – Dance based on musical notes of Sufiana music

Overview of Kashmiri Traditional Music

• Sufiyana Kalam: This is the classical music tradition of Kashmir. It is a highly sophisticated form, heavily influenced by Persian and Central Asian musical styles. It is typically performed by an ensemble of musicians using instruments like the Santoor (the most iconic Kashmiri instrument), Saz-e-Kashmir, and Tabla. The compositions are based on Maqams, which are melodic modes.
• Chakri: One of the most popular forms of traditional folk music in Kashmir. It is primarily performed by the Bands (a community of folk musicians). It involves a narrative style of singing, often accompanied by the Rabab, Sarangi, and Harmonium. It is frequently performed during festivals and weddings.
• Rouf: A traditional dance and song form performed primarily by Kashmiri women. It is a highlight during spring festivals, particularly Eid and the arrival of the spring season. The songs are usually lyrical and rhythmic, accompanied by simple footwork.
• Ladishah: A unique form of satirical musical performance. The Ladishah is a minstrel who sings about current social and political issues using wit, humor, and sarcasm. The performance is usually accompanied by a simple metallic instrument called the Tar.
• Wanwun: This refers to a collection of folk songs traditionally sung during Kashmiri wedding ceremonies. It involves group singing, where family members and friends participate in singing songs that range from devotional to celebratory in nature.
• Santoor: While not a genre itself, the Santoor is central to Kashmiri music. It is a hammered dulcimer with 100 strings, originally used in Sufi music but later popularized in Indian classical music by legends like Pandit Shivkumar Sharma.