Question

Which of the following statement are correct about the occurrences of Indian Monsoon?

1. Himalayas and Tibetan plateaus act as physical barriers and as a source of high level heat.
2. Differential heating and cooling of Asian land mass and the Indian Ocean
3. A negative southern oscillation

• A. None of these
• B. 2 only
• C. 1 only
• D. All of these

Answer 1

Answer:

D. All of these

• The Indian Monsoon is influenced by:

  (i) Himalayas and Tibetan plateaus:

  1. Act as physical barriers, forcing winds to change direction

  2. Create orographic lift, enhancing precipitation

  3. Source of high-level heat, influencing atmospheric circulation

  (ii) Differential heating and cooling of Asian land mass and the Indian Ocean:

  1. Land heats faster than the ocean, creating pressure gradients

  2. Moist air from the ocean flows towards the land

  3. Temperature differences drive monsoon circulation

  (iii) Negative Southern Oscillation (El Niño-Southern Oscillation, ENSO):

  1. Weakens trade winds, allowing Indian Ocean warming

  2. Enhances monsoon rainfall

  3. Influences global climate patterns