Question

Which of the following statements about earthquakes and their immediate consequences is correct?

1. Earthquakes are primarily caused by immense forces leading to structural deformation deep within the Earth's interior.
2. Landslides, tidal waves, and tsunamis are common secondary hazards triggered by earthquakes.
3. The magnitude of an earthquake is typically measured at its impact zone using the Richter scale.
4. Only earthquakes with a magnitude of 8 or higher on the Richter scale are generally considered to have devastating effects.

• A. i
• B. i, ii
• C. iii, iv
• D. ii

Answer 1

Answer:

B. i, ii

• Earthquakes are geological phenomena resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. This energy release is often due to the movement of tectonic plates, which build up stress over time until the rocks rupture. While the magnitude is measured at the earthquake's source (hypocenter or focus), its effects can be felt over a vast area. Secondary hazards, like tsunamis and landslides, often cause more widespread destruction and casualties than the initial ground shaking. It is important to note that even earthquakes with magnitudes of 6 and above on the Richter scale can cause significant devastation, especially in densely populated areas with inadequate infrastructure.