Early Hindu temples originated from rock-cut caves. With the advent of Gupta architecture, the first free-standing Hindu temples were built.
The architectural principles of Indian temples are outlined in the Shilpa Shastra, which identifies three main styles: Nagara (Northern), Dravida (Southern), and Vesara (a blend of both).
The Shikhara is a key feature of Hindu temples in both North and South India, consisting of miniature temple towers stacked atop one another.
Major Elements of Hindu Temple Architecture:
Garbhagriha: The sanctum where the deity's idol is enshrined.
Mandapa: A pillared hall located in front of the Garbhagriha.
Ardhamandapa: A smaller hall adjoining the Mandapa.
Antarala: A vestibule connecting the Garbhagriha and Mandapa.
Pradakshinapatha: A circumambulatory gallery around the Garbhagriha for ritual Parikrama (devotional walking)
One of the earliest temple structures, the Lad Khan Temple in Aihole, features a towering Shikhara.
Hindu temple architecture is classified into three styles: Nagara (North Indian), Dravida (South Indian), and Vesara (a fusion of both). Notably, the Teli ka Mandir in North India exhibits Dravidian architectural elements, including a Dravidian-style Shikhara.
