Question

Which of the following statements are wrong about the classical Indian dance 'Kathakali'?

1. Kathakali performers use elaborate makeup known as "Vesham" to represent various character archetypes
2. Kathakali relies on a systematic sign language of hand gestures, known as mudras
3. The language of hand gestures in Kathakali is based on a treatise called "Leelathilakam"

• A. i, iii
• B. None of these
• C. i, ii
• D. i only

Answer 1

Answer:

C. i, ii

Kathakali

• Kathakali is a highly stylized and traditional Indian dance-drama form that originates from the southern state of Kerala.
• It is known for its vibrant and elaborate makeup, intricate costumes, expressive hand gestures (mudras), and dramatic storytelling
• It often depicts stories from Indian epics like the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, as well as other mythological and historical tales.

Mudra

• Mudra is a stylised sign language used to depict an idea, a situation or a state of being.
• A Kathakali actor enacts his ideas through mudras.
• For this the actor follows a systematic sign language based on Hastalakshana Deepika, a treatise on the language of hand gestures.
• Hastalakshanadeepika is a Natyasastra book composed in Kerala.
• Kadtanath Udayavarma Tampuran wrote this work covering the application and description of hand seals in Natya Shastra.

Kathakali Make-up

• The Vesham or make-up in Kathakali is of mainly five types - Pacha, Kathi, Thadi, Kari and Minukku.

1. Pacha (Green)
   Pacha Vesham or the green make-up portrays noble protagonists.
2. Kathi (Knife)
   Kathi Vesham portrays villainous characters.
3. Thadi (Beard)
   There are three types of beards or Thadi Veshams.
   VellaThadi or White beard for superhuman monkeys like Hanuman.
   ChuvannaThadi or Red beard meant for evil characters.
   KaruthaThadi or Black beard for the hunter.
4. Kari (Black)
   Kari Vesham is used for she-demons.
5. Minukku (Prettying Up)
   The "Minukku Vesham" is used for female characters and sages.