Scientific knowledge is provisional, meaning it is not absolute or final. It is based on the best available evidence and understanding at a given time.
It is tentative, subject to revision, refinement, or even complete rejection when new data, observations, or more logical explanations emerge. This is a fundamental characteristic that distinguishes science from dogma.
The process of science involves continuous testing and re-evaluation of hypotheses and theories. Experiments and observations are designed to challenge existing ideas as much as to support them.
New evidence is the primary driver for change in scientific understanding. For example, the transition from the geocentric model of the universe (Earth-centered) to the heliocentric model (Sun-centered) was driven by accumulated astronomical observations and mathematical analysis.
Interpretations of evidence can also evolve. What might seem like a clear implication of data today could be viewed differently with advancements in theoretical frameworks or the development of new analytical tools.
