Question

Which of the following statements best reflects the development of music in medieval India?

• A. The Mughal emperors completely rejected Indian classical music, considering it un-Islamic.
• B. The Bhakti movement hindered the progress of Indian music by opposing court traditions.
• C. Aurangzeb expanded the tradition of court musicians started by Akbar and Shah Jahan.
• D. Music in medieval India developed through both religious movements like Bhakti and royal patronage under emperors such as Akbar and Shah Jahan.

Answer 1

Answer:

D. Music in medieval India developed through both religious movements like Bhakti and royal patronage under emperors such as Akbar and Shah Jahan.

Bhakti Movement’s Contribution: The real credit for the development of music in medieval India goes to the Bhakti movement. Bhakti saints introduced new musical instruments and ragas (compositions), with Amir Khusrau being a prominent example. Mughal Patronage: With the rise of the Mughals, music flourished under royal patronage. Emperors like Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan were its foremost supporters. Akbar’s Court Musicians: Ain-e-Akbari by Abul Fazl records 36 court musicians during Akbar’s reign, including Shihab Khan and Purbin Khan. Akbar also brought Tansen, the legendary musician credited with creating Raga Deepak, from Raja Man Singh’s court. Shah Jahan’s Influence: A skilled singer himself, Shah Jahan actively promoted Hindustani classical music in the Mughal court. Aurangzeb’s Stance: Though Aurangzeb was a veena player, he later discontinued his court musicians due to economic constraints.