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Which of the following theory is also known as Theory of Reinforcement ?

AOperant Conditioning Theory

BStimulus Response Theory

CClassical Conditioning Theory

DTheory of Insight

Answer:

A. Operant Conditioning Theory

Read Explanation:

B. F. Skinner - Theory of Operant Conditioning

  • B. F. Skinner, an American psychologist, propounded the "Theory of Operant Conditioning" whic h is also known as "Theory of Reinforcement" and "Instrumental Conditioning Theory"
  • This theory refers to the learning process where learning takes place through rewarding a certain behaviour or withholding reward for undesirable behaviour. 
  • Skinner emphasizes that a person or animal tends to 'repeat' behaviour which has been 'rewarded' (positively reinforced), or tends to 'stop' which has been 'punished' (negatively reinforced).

SKINNER'S EXPERIMENT WITH RAT: 

  • Skinner developed a special apparatus known as skinner's box. 
  • This box has a grid floor, a system of light or sound produced at the time of delivery of a pellet of food, in the food cup, on the pressing of the lever. 
  • Skinner placed a hungry rat in the box. 
  • In this experiment, pressure on the bar in a certain way, by the rat could result in the production of a click and emergence of a food pellet. 
  • The rat was rewarded for each proper pressing of the lever. 
  • The rat repeated this process and ultimately learned to press the lever a desired by the experimenter.
  • Classical Conditioning Theory - Ivan Pavlov
  • Stimulus Response Theory - E.L Thorndike
  • Theory of Insight - Wolfgang Kohler

 


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